Ceramic fiber is a fibrous lightweight refractory material, the main chemical components of aluminum silicate, according to their mineral components can be divided into glass fiber and multi crystalline fiber two categories. Glass fiber is a kind of amorphous solid fiber material formed by the flow of liquid melt during cooling;polycrystalline fibers by blowing colloidal spray (or swinging method) fiber, high temperature calcined.
The adiabatic ceramic fiber is widely used in all kinds of kiln furnace high temperature material, because of its major capacity lower than other refractory material, so theheat is very small, obvious thermal insulation effect, as the lining material can greatly reduce the energy loss thermal furnace, energy saving in thermal furnace has brought a revolution. Masonry technique and method on the other hand it to thermal furnace also brought a revolution.
1 the use of status
Ceramic fiber first appeared in 1941, Babu, Cox, America with natural kaolin, electric arc furnace melt blown fiber. In twentieth Century 40 time later period, the two companies America production of aluminum silicate fiber, which was first applied to the aviation industry; in twentieth Century 60, America developed a variety of ceramic fiber products, and for industrial furnace wall lining. In twentieth Century 70, ceramic fiber production and use began in China, its application technology rapid promotion intwentieth Century 80's, but is mainly used in the temperature range below 1000 ℃,application technology is relatively backward. In twentieth Century 90 years later, with the application of zirconium containing fibers and polycrystalline alumina fibers, the use of temperature up to 1000 ℃ ~ 1400 ℃, but because of quality defects andapplication technology is backward, application field and application are limited. Such as polycrystalline alumina fibers can not be made into fiber blanket, single product specification, the loose cotton, fiber block, although with temperature increased, but the strength is poor, limiting the scope of use, but also shorten the service life.
Zirconium containing fiber is a use of aluminum silicate fiber produced by melting method widely, low cost, can be used as heat surface building various thermal furnacelining, the current domestic products in the aspects of quality and application development is relatively backward, and now the fiber containing chromium, highertemperature than zirconium containing fiber, there are no reports of this.
2 types and uses
Ceramic fiber by the main varieties are: ordinary aluminium silicate fiber, high aluminium silicate fiber, aluminum silicate fiber (Cr2O3, ZrO2), polycrystalline alumina fibers and polycrystalline mullite fiber etc.. In recent years, foreign countries havesuccessfully developed (or developing) some new ceramic fibers, such as magnesium olivine fiber, ceramic fiber (SiO2-CaO-MgO and Al2O3-CaO). Ceramic fiber cotton,blanket, blanket, paper, cloth, module, tape, rope.
Ceramic fiber blanket (fiber module): the self melting type, continuous melting eventhrowing process into silk throwing long fiber, the two-sided acupuncture makes fiberwoven, can be directly used as flame hot face refractory, and insulation, thermal insulation, set in one, in neutral, oxidizing and reducing gas, long-term use of partialin, still can maintain strength, good toughness. The fiber module made of this fiber blanket without binder, good thermal stability, widely used in petrochemical,metallurgy, electric power, heat preservation heat field.
Ceramic fiber board: the ceramic fiber and binder, additives, made after pulping,molding, curing, drying and other processes. Ceramic fiber board has good flexibility,easy cutting, high strength, is a kind of new energy saving and environmental protection products, low thermal conductivity, low heat storage, widely used in all kinds of heating equipment, the top wall parts such as the backing, is a heavy refractory.
Ceramic fiber cloth, belt: mainly used in fire doors, industrial furnace insulation, high temperature pipeline and vessel insulation.
Ceramic fiber rope: mainly used in various industrial kilns of the expansion joints, high temperature pipe winding insulation, steel structure joints and insulation.
Ceramic fiber paper: by the ceramic fiber and binder, additives, made after pulping,molding, curing and drying process, is an ideal material for sealing, insulation. Can be used in all kinds of kiln furnace expansion joints, high temperature and other parts ofthe insulation pad.
In addition, the ceramic fiber can also be used for filtration and catalyst support materials, packing materials and friction material, heat insulation material, reinforced material etc..
3 problems and Prospect
Ceramic fiber while insulating refractory for field of high temperature industry plays an important role, but there are also big production defects, especially it can be inhaled,have certain harm to the environment and human body, some foreign enterprises to strengthen the amorphous ceramic fiber to limit the use of. At present, a biologicalsoluble non crystalline ceramic fibers in insulating refractory material market, the super fiber (SiO2-CaO-MgO fiber) is an environment friendly material withoutpollution. Ceramic fiber products in the future production trends, is moving towards apollution-free, refinement and multi-functional direction, especially the use of new technology, new materials, the preparation of high additional functional fine ceramic fiber value, high-tech content, the production probability will be more and more.